Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) attacks the body’s immune system by hitting white blood cells. This enables patients to be more susceptible to diseases such as tuberculosis, infections, and certain cancers. For example, Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is an advanced phase of the disease. Currently, HIV continues to be a global health problem to be solved. By the end of 2022, an estimated 39.0 million people (33.1 million-45.7 million) were living with HIV.
HIV consists of two copies of positive single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) encoding nine viral genes. And its structural proteins comprise core, envelope, and capsid proteins.
Application of HIV Antigen
HIV testing should begin with an immunoassay combination of HIV-1 and HIV-2 antibodies and p24 antigen following the recent recommendations from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Recombinant HIV antigen is applied for the detection for
HIV-1 and HIV-2 Antibodies Testing
HIV-1 and HIV-2 share common epitopes on the core antigen instead of the envelope glycoprotein, as shown by serologic studies. This limited cross-reactivity of envelope antigens may well explain why currently used HIV-1 serum test kits do not respond to the sera of some HIV-2 positive individuals.
An anti-HIV-1 and/or anti-HIV-2 antibody test kit was developed by Abbott on the basis of recombinant antigens corresponding to three viral proteins. The three antigens include HIV-1 core and envelope proteins, and HIV-2 envelope protein. The kit is FDA-approved for use in testing anti-HIV-1 and/or anti-HIV-2 positive specimens.
Yaohai Bio-Pharma Offers One-Stop CDMO Solution for HIV Antigen
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