All Categories
Cytokine

Cytokine

Home >  Modality  >  Raw Materials and Reagents  >  Cytokine

Modality

Cytokine

Cytokines are a family of secreted proteins that can exert an impact on physiological processes that regulate innate and adaptive immunity. Cytokines consist of six superfamilies, including interferons (IFNs), interleukins (ILs), chemokines, colony-stimulating factors (CSFs), tumor-necrosis factors (TNFs), and transforming growth factors (TGFs). Cytokines play an important role in various disease pathologies, and were employed in the first generation of immunotherapeutics for cancers and autoimmune disorders.

Cytokine

Members

Source

Characteristics

IL, Interleukin

Interleukin-1 (IL-1)

Macrophage, B cells, Dendritic cells (DCs)

Induction of proinflammatory response; Th17 cell differentiation

Interleukin-2 (IL-2)

T cells

Proliferation and differentiation into effector and memory T cells; Development of Treg cells, The proliferation of B cells; Proliferation and differentiation of NK cells

IL-6

Th cells, macrophages, fibroblasts

Synthesis of acute-phase proteins in liver, Inducing secretion of chemokines: CCL2, CCL8; CXCL5, CXCL6; Induction of neutrophil apoptosis B cell differentiation and production of IgG, IgM, IgA

IL-11

BM stromal cells

Growth factor for myeloid, erythroid, megakaryocyte progenitors; Bone remodeling; Protects epithelial cells and connective tissue

Interleukin-15 (IL-15)

Macrophages, DCs

Induction of Th1 and Th17 responses; Activation of T cell (decreased TCR activation threshold);Survival and proliferation of memory CD8+T cells

IL-21

Th-17 and T follicular helper

Regulation of B cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis; Antibody isotype balance (increased IgG and decreased IgE); T cell and NK cell proliferation

IFN, Interferon

Interferon-α (IFN-α)

Leukocytes

Antiviral state; Increases the expression of class I MHC molecules; Activation of NK cells

Interferon-β (IFN-β)

Fibroblasts

Antiviral state, Increases the expression of class I MHC molecules, Activation of NK cells

Interferon-γ (IFN-γ)

T-cells

Th1 cell differentiation; Classical activation of macrophages (increased microbicidal functions); Promotes cytotoxic activity; Up-regulation of class I and class II MHC; Increases antigen processing and presentation to T cells; Antiviral properties

TNF, Tumor Necrosis factor

TNF-α

Macrophages, Monocytes

Phagocyte cell activation, endotoxic shock; Tumor cytotoxicity, cachexia

TNF-β

T-cells

Chemotactic, phagocytosis, oncostatic, induces other cytokines

CSF, Colony Stimulating Factor

GM-CSF, CSF-2

T cells, macrophages, fibroblasts

Granulocyte, monocyte, eosinophil production

G-CSF, CSF-3

Fibroblasts, endothelium

Granulocyte production

Yaohai Bio-Pharma Offers One-Stop CDMO Solution for Cytokines
Reference:

[1] Aung T, et al. Recent and future perspectives on engineering interferons and other cytokines as therapeutics. Trends Biochem Sci. 2023 Mar;48(3):259-273. doi: 10.1016/j.tibs.2022.09.005.

[2] Das PK, et al. Current status, and the developments of hosts and expression systems for the production of recombinant human cytokines. Biotechnol Adv. 2022 Oct;59:107969. doi: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2022.107969.

Get a Free Quote

Get in touch