Interleukin-15 (IL-15)

Modality

With a molecule weight of 14~15 kDa, Interleukin-15 (IL-15) has many biological interactions with IL-2. IL-15 binds and signals through trimeric receptors comprising a common gamma chain, IL-2Rβ, and IL-15Rα. These receptors are involved in natural killer (NK) cell differentiation, T-cell function, and host responses to intracellular pathogens.

Application of IL-15

NKTR-255

NKTR-255 is a novel polyethylene glycol (PEG) conjugate of recombinant human interleukin-15 (rhIL-15). It has been engineered to preserve all known receptors interacting with the IL-15 molecular. Developed by Nektar Therapeutics, NKTR-255 is currently being investigated in several independent clinical trials in combination with cellular therapy and immunotherapy.

A Phase 2/3 study (NCT05664217), which combines NKTR-255 with an approved CAR-T cell therapy for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, is ongoing. NKTR-255 is also being investigated in the Merck KGaA-sponsored JAVELIN Bladder Medley trial (NCT05327530). This is a Phase 2 study in combination with avelumab as maintenance therapy for patients with locally advanced or metastatic uroepithelial carcinoma.

Nanrilkefusp alfa

Being a human fusion protein of IL-15 with high-affinity binding domains of IL-15Rα, Nanorilfsp alpha, SO-101 (RLI-15) is developed by Sotio Biotech and acts as a specific agonist of the intermediate-affinity IL-2/IL-15Rβγ.

Yaohai Bio-Pharma Offers One-Stop CDMO Solution for Interleukin-15 (IL-15)

Interleukin-15 (IL-15) Pipelines

Generic Name	Brand Name/ Alternative Name	Indications	Manufacturer	R&D Stage
Inbakicept	ALT 803, N 803, Anktiva, IL-15N72D:IL-15RαSu/Fc fusion protein complex, Inbakicept, Nogapendekin alfa inbakicept	Cancer, bacterial infection, virus infection	Shenzhen Beike Biotechnology Co., Ltd., ImmunityBio, Inc., Altor BioScience Corp.	Approval
NKTR-255	NKTR 255	Cancer	Nektar Therapeutics	Phase II
RTX-240	RTX 212, RTX 240	Acute promyelocytic leukemia, acute myeloid leukemia	Rubius Therapeutics, Inc.	Phase II
SO-C101	CYP 0150, CYP-0150, RLI-15, SO C101, IL-15-IL-15 receptor α fusion protein, nanrilkefusp alfa, RLI, Super IL-15 cytokine	Cancer	Sotio, LLC, Merck & Co., Inc.	Phase II
HCW-9201	HCW 9201	Acute myeloid leukemia, myelodysplastic syndrome	HCW Biologics Inc., Washington University School of Medicine	Phase I/ II
HCW-9218	HCW 9218	Locally advanced pancreatic cancer, Solid tumors, Lymphoma, Melanoma, Pancreatic acinar carcinoma, Pulmonary fibrosis	HCW Biologics Inc., University of Minnesota Masonic Cancer Center	Phase I/ II
JK-08	JK 08	Breast Cancer, Colorectal Cancer, Melanoma, Tumor Metastasis, Tumor, Solid Tumor	Salubris Biotherapeutics, Inc.	Phase I/ II
SHR-1501	SHR 1501	Bladder Cancer, Tumors	Jiangsu Hengrui Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., SUZHOU SUNCADIA BIOPHARMACEUTICALS CO.,LTD	Phase I/ II
ASKG-315	ASKG-215b, ASKG-315, ASKG-215 beta, IL-15 Fc fusion protein	Locally advanced malignant solid tumors, Metastatic solid tumors, Advanced malignant solid tumors, Tumors	Jiangsu Aosaikang Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., AskGene Pharma, Inc., Aosaikang Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd.	Phase I
ASKG-915	ASKG 915	Solid tumors, tumors	AskGene Pharma, Inc.	Phase I
BJ-001	BJ 001	Solid Tumors, Infectious Diseases, Infections	BJ Bioscience Inc.	Phase I
CALY-002	CALY002	Celiac disease, Eosinophilic esophagitis, Autoimmune diseases	Calypso Biotech BV	Phase I
EQ-102	BNZ 2, EQ 102	Celiac disease	Bioniz Therapeutics, Inc., Equillium, Inc.	Phase I
Heterodimeric interleukin 15	hetIL-15, IL 15, NIZ985, sIL 15Ra, Heterodimeric IL-15	Lymphoma, Solid Tumors	Novartis Pharma AG	Phase I
KD-033	KD 033, Anti-human-PD-L1-IL-15 bispecific protein, Bi-functional anti-PD-L1/IL-15 fusion protein	Solid tumors	Kadmon Holdings, Inc.	Phase I
OBX-115	OBX 115, cytoTIL 15, cytoTIL 15, IL15CA2 DRD modified T cells	Melanoma, Solid Tumors	Obsidian Therapeutics, Inc., Anderson University, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center	Phase I
PF-07209960	Pending update	Cancer	Pfizer Inc.	Phase I
QL415	QL 415, QL-415, QL415	Tumor	QLSF Biotherapeutics	Phase I
Recombinant human interleukin 15	Pending update	Solid tumors	Beijing Kawin Technology Share-Holding Co., Ltd	Phase I
Recombinant interleukin 15	Pending update	Pending update	Beijing Kawin Technology Share-Holding Co., Ltd	Phase I
RPTR-147	Pending update	Melanoma, Lymphoma, Papillomavirus Infection, Solid Tumors	Repertoire Immune Medicines, Inc.	Phase I
RPTR-147-1	RPTR147 1	Solid tumors	Repertoire Immune Medicines, Inc.	Phase I
SAL-008	JK08, SAL-008	Solid tumors, tumors	Suzhou Genemen Biotech. Co., Ltd., Shenzhen Salubris Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd.	Phase I
SIM-237	SIM-0237, SIM0237	Solid tumors	Jiangsu Simcere Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.	Phase I

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Interleukin-15 (IL-15)

Modality