Transcription Factor (TF)

Modality

Transcription Factor (TF)

Transcription factors (TFs) modulate various cellular processes and states through gene program regulation.

Overexpression of specific TFs has been demonstrated to regulate the differentiation of pluripotent stem cells into various cell types such as muscle and neurons. Takahashi and Yamanaka found that retroviral transduction of four genes (Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc) transferred somatic cells into a pluripotent state, albeit, through systematic studies of the roles of pluripotency-specific transcription factors in fibroblasts.

The Yamanaka factor-mediated initiation process stably programmed cancer cells such as leukemia, breast, bladder, liver, prostate, and pancreatic cancer cells into cancer stem cells (CSCs), with increased expressions of stemness-related genes including SOX2, NANOG, and others.

Based on these advances, researchers trends to develop disease models and drug screening strategies using induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology, which may enable autologous cell transplantation for clinical therapy in the future.

Fig. Introduction of reprogramming factors (Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc) into somatic cells gives rise to iPSCs.

Types of Transcription Factor (TF)

Abbreviation	Name
Oct4	Octamer transcription factor 4
Sox2	SRY-Box Transcription Factor 2
Klf4	Kruppel-like factor 4
Lin28	RNA-binding protein Lin28
Gata4	GATA binding protein 4
Hand2	Heart- and neural crest derivatives-expressed protein
Mef2c	Myocyte enhancer factor 2C
Tbx5	T-box transcription factor 5
Pdx1	Pancreatic duodenal hemeodomain protein-1
Ngn3	Neurogenin 3
Pax4	Paired box 4
NeuroD	Not applicable
c-Myc	Cellular-Myelocytomatosis
NANOG	Nanog homeobox

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Reference:

[1] . Gong L, Yan Q, Zhang Y, Fang X, Liu B, Guan X. Cancer cell reprogramming: a promising therapy converting malignancy to benignity. Cancer Commun (Lond). 2019 Aug 29;39(1):48. doi: 10.1186/s40880-019-0393-5.

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Transcription Factor (TF)

Modality