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Antigen

Antigen

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Antigen

Antigen is a foreign particle or an allergen binding to a specific antibody or T-cell receptor. Due to their ability to stimulate immune response and high affinity with antibodies, antigens from viruses, bacteria, protozoa, and even tumor cells, is widely used as vaccine composition and diagnostic tool.

Table 1. Commonly used antigens in vaccines or antibody diagnosis kits

Derivation

Antigens

Hepatitis B Virus (HBV)

Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), Hepatitis B core antigen (HBcAg)

Hepatitis C Virus (HCV)

Core protein and nonstructural proteins (NS3, NS4 and NS5)

Hepatitis E Virus (HEV)

HEV ORF2

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)

HIV core and envelope proteins

Human T-Lymphotropic Virus (HTLV)

gp21, p24 antigen

Cytomegalovirus (CMV)

Pending update

Rubella Virus

E1 glycoprotein, E2 glycoprotein

Tuberculosis

ESAT6, CFP10

Treponema pallidum

15 kDa lipoprotein (Tp15), 17 kDa lipoprotein (Tp17), 44.5 kDa lipoprotein (Tp44.5, TmpA), and 47 kDa lipoprotein (Tp47)

Trypanosoma cruzi FP3, FP6, FP10, and TcF antigens
Tumor Tumor-associated antigens (TAAs), tumor-specific antigens (TSAs)
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