Rubella virus (RuV) is the causative virus of rubella, which is transmitted from person to person only through the respiratory tract, and transmission during early pregnancy is the main cause of congenital rubella syndrome.
Rubella virus is scientifically known as Rubirus rubellae and belongs to the genus Rubirus and family Matonaviridae. The spherical virus particles (virion) of the family Matonaviridae are coated with a lipid membrane (viral envelope) derived from the host cell membrane and are 50-70 nm in diameter. The membrane has visible 6 nm long "spikes" (protrusions) composed of the viral envelope proteins E1 and E2.
The E1 glycoprotein is thought to be immunodominant in inducing humoral responses to structural proteins and includes a neutralization determinant and a hemagglutination determinant. The lipid envelope contains capsid protein which interfaces with membrane proteins E1 and E2 and also associates with the human host protein p32, which is key for viral replication in the host.
Application of Rubella Virus (RuV) Antigen
Rubella IgG Serologic Testing should be used before, during, and after pregnancy to assess the immunity of rubella. Rubella IgM testing should be restricted to suspected cases of rubella.
Rubella IgG can be detected using commercial immunoassay kits such as Architect rubella IgG (Abbott Diagnostics), Cobas 6000 rubella IgG (Roche Diagnostics, Rubella-like particles and recombinant E1 antigen), Vidas Rub IgG II (bioMérieux), DxI rubella IgG (Beckman Coulter), Centaur RubG (Siemens Healthcare), Enzygnost anti-rubella virus IgG (Siemens Healthcare), LXL rubella IgG (DiaSorin), and Serion ELISA rubella virus IgG (Institut Virion/Seriony).
Rubella IgM can be tested by some commercial ELISA kits including Captia (Trinity Biotech), Enzygnost (Siemens Healthcare Diagnostics), Euroimmun (Euroimmun Medizinische, native antigens and recombinant glycoprotein), Microimmune (Clin-Tech, recombinant antigens), NovaLisa (NovaTec), and Serion (Institut Virion).
Some of the above are based on whole virus antigens or purified rubella antigens, while some are based on recombinant antigens. Recombinant Rubella Spike Ectodomain antigens E1 and E2, have demonstrated exceptional detection of IgG and IgM antibodies in ELISA and bead-based immunoassays.
Yaohai Bio-Pharma Offers One-Stop CDMO Solution for RuV Antigen
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