Cytokine

Modality

Cytokines are a family of secreted proteins that can exert an impact on physiological processes that regulate innate and adaptive immunity. Cytokines consist of six superfamilies, including interferons (IFNs), interleukins (ILs), chemokines, colony-stimulating factors (CSFs), tumor-necrosis factors (TNFs), and transforming growth factors (TGFs). Cytokines play an important role in various disease pathologies, and were employed in the first generation of immunotherapeutics for cancers and autoimmune disorders.

Cytokine	Members	Source	Characteristics
IL, Interleukin	Interleukin-1 (IL-1)	Macrophage, B cells, Dendritic cells (DCs)	Induction of proinflammatory response; Th17 cell differentiation
	Interleukin-2 (IL-2)	T cells	Proliferation and differentiation into effector and memory T cells; Development of Treg cells, The proliferation of B cells; Proliferation and differentiation of NK cells
	IL-6	Th cells, macrophages, fibroblasts	Synthesis of acute-phase proteins in liver, Inducing secretion of chemokines: CCL2, CCL8; CXCL5, CXCL6; Induction of neutrophil apoptosis B cell differentiation and production of IgG, IgM, IgA
	IL-11	BM stromal cells	Growth factor for myeloid, erythroid, megakaryocyte progenitors; Bone remodeling; Protects epithelial cells and connective tissue
	Interleukin-15 (IL-15)	Macrophages, DCs	Induction of Th1 and Th17 responses; Activation of T cell (decreased TCR activation threshold);Survival and proliferation of memory CD8+T cells
	IL-21	Th-17 and T follicular helper	Regulation of B cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis; Antibody isotype balance (increased IgG and decreased IgE); T cell and NK cell proliferation
IFN, Interferon	Interferon-α (IFN-α)	Leukocytes	Antiviral state; Increases the expression of class I MHC molecules; Activation of NK cells
	Interferon-β (IFN-β)	Fibroblasts	Antiviral state, Increases the expression of class I MHC molecules, Activation of NK cells
	Interferon-γ (IFN-γ)	T-cells	Th1 cell differentiation; Classical activation of macrophages (increased microbicidal functions); Promotes cytotoxic activity; Up-regulation of class I and class II MHC; Increases antigen processing and presentation to T cells; Antiviral properties
TNF, Tumor Necrosis factor	TNF-α	Macrophages, Monocytes	Phagocyte cell activation, endotoxic shock; Tumor cytotoxicity, cachexia
TNF, Tumor Necrosis factor	TNF-β	T-cells	Chemotactic, phagocytosis, oncostatic, induces other cytokines
CSF, Colony Stimulating Factor	GM-CSF, CSF-2	T cells, macrophages, fibroblasts	Granulocyte, monocyte, eosinophil production
CSF, Colony Stimulating Factor	G-CSF, CSF-3	Fibroblasts, endothelium	Granulocyte production

Yaohai Bio-Pharma Offers One-Stop CDMO Solution for Cytokines

Reference:

[1] Aung T, et al. Recent and future perspectives on engineering interferons and other cytokines as therapeutics. Trends Biochem Sci. 2023 Mar;48(3):259-273. doi: 10.1016/j.tibs.2022.09.005.

[2] Das PK, et al. Current status, and the developments of hosts and expression systems for the production of recombinant human cytokines. Biotechnol Adv. 2022 Oct;59:107969. doi: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2022.107969.

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Cytokine

Modality

Cytokine

Yaohai Bio-Pharma Offers One-Stop CDMO Solution for Cytokines

Reference:

MICROBIAL CDMO

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