Universal mRNA Vaccines: Combating Influenza for Global Health

Influenza viruses, particularly types A and B, annually trigger global health crises and economic losses. Their high mutation rate and ability to undergo genetic recombination make traditional vaccines difficult to provide long-term protection. In recent years, mRNA vaccines have garnered significant attention due to their efficiency, rapid production, and safety.

Influenza viruses are classified into four types: A, B, C, and D. Among them, type A (IAV) is the most prevalent and can infect various animals, including humans and poultry. The variation of IAV primarily occurs through antigenic drift (accumulation of small mutations) and antigenic shift (major genetic recombination), leading to seasonal epidemics or pandemics.

Avian influenza virus (AIV) belongs to type A influenza virus and infects birds, with the potential to transmit to humans. Based on its pathogenicity, AIV is classified into low pathogenic and highly pathogenic types. HPAIVs such as H5Nx and H7N9 pose severe threats to humans.

Although vaccines are crucial for preventing influenza, the high strain specificity of traditional vaccines limits their broad protective capability. Therefore, the development of universal mRNA vaccines based on conserved antigenic epitopes has become a research hotspot.

The design of mRNA vaccines involves the rational selection of open reading frames (ORFs) of viral antigens and the optimization of mRNA structure to enhance stability. mRNA is synthesized through in vitro transcription and delivered into target cells using delivery systems to induce immune responses. This type of vaccine can mimic viral infections, providing broad protection while being produced rapidly and safely.

Yaohai Bio-Pharma offers customized mRNA synthesis services, covering the entire process from plasmid template design to mRNA and LNP quality testing, to support the development of universal influenza vaccines.

In conclusion, the universal mRNA vaccine strategy is expected to overcome the limitations of traditional vaccines, providing a new approach to preventing influenza and promoting the common health of humans and animals.

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