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VLP Carrier Protein

VLP Carrier Protein

Virus-like particles (VLPs) are self-assembling complexes of viral proteins, 20-800 nm in size. VLPs mimic the genetic material of native viruses and are therefore non-infectious and safe. VLP is an ideal carrier for antigen transmission, as it mimics the native virus, and therefore can be readily identified by the host immune system.

RTS,S/AS01 (Mosquirix) is a VLP vector vaccine approved for the treatment of preerythrocytic malaria. Mosquirix comprises a component of the circumsporozoite protein (CSP) protein that is a major fragment of the P. falciparum coat protein and fused to a VLP carrier (HBsAg VLP, Hepatitis B surface antigen).

In addition to HBsAg VLP, other virus/phage-derived VLPs are currently being investigated, including human papillomavirus (HPV) L1 VLP, Hepatitis E virus (HEV) ORF2 VLP, Human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) Pr55(Gag) VLP, cucumber-mosaic virus (CuMV) VLP, bacteriophage Qβ-based VLP, bacteriophage AP205-VLP, etc.

Natural VLP Backbone

VLP-based vaccines are being developed as classical vaccines against infection desease, as well as therapeutic vaccines against cancer, inflammation, allergy, neurodegenerative diseases, hypertension, and etc. Examples of commonly used VLPs in vaccine development are listed:

VLP Backbone

VLP Composition

Derivation

HBV-VLP
HBsAg, HBcAg or S1, S2 antigen

Hepatitis B virus (HBV)

HPV-VLP
HPV capsid L1 antigen, or HPV capsid L1/L2 protein

Human papillomavirus (HPV)

HEV-VLP
HEV ORF2

Hepatitis E Virus (HEV)

Qβ-VLP
Qβ coat protein

Bacteriophage Qβ

AP205-VLP
AP205 coat protein

Bacteriophage AP205

MS2-VLP
MS2 coat protein

Bacteriophage MS2

PP7-VLP
PP7 coat protein

Bacteriophage PP7

CuMV-VLP
CuMV capsid protein

Cucumber-mosaic virus-like particles (CuMV)

CCMV-VLP
CCMV capsid protein

Cowpea chlorotic mosaic virus (CCMV)

RHDS-VLP
RHDS capsid protein VP1/VP60

Rabbit hemorrhag ic disease virus (RHDS)

CPV-VLP
CPV capsid protein VP2

Canine parvovirus (CPV)

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