Diphtheria toxin (DT) is an exotoxin produced by Corynebacterium diphtheriae, the pathogenic bacterium that is the major cause of diphtheria. Diphtheria toxin is a polypeptide chain of 535 amino acids comprising two disulfide-bonded subunits called toxins A-B.
A detoxified diphtheria toxin vaccine has been approved to protect humans against Corynebacterium diphtheriae infection.
In addition, diphtheria toxin is able to translocate exogenous proteins through the cell membrane of mammalian cells, which is normally impermeable to macromolecular proteins. This unique ability can be used to transport prophylactic or therapeutic proteins.
Menactra (Sanofi) is a polysaccharide diphtheria toxoid conjugation vaccine licensed for the prevention of meningococcal infections (Clusters A, C, Y and W-135). The derivatized polysaccharides are covalently attached to formaldehyde-detoxified diphtheria toxoid, purified by serial filtration. The other meningococcal ACYW vaccine, Menveo (GlaxoSmithKline), is founded on the CRM197 carrier protein, while MenQuadfi (Sanofi) is grounded on tetanus toxoid (TT).
Diphtheria toxoid is being discovered as a carrier protein for anti-cancer therapies in clinical trials. Resimmune applies a truncate diphtheria toxoid fused to two single-chain CD3ε antibody fragments. Resimmune is recombinantly expressed in yeast (Pichia pastoris) and its purification is performed by anion exchange and hydrophobic interaction chromatography.
Yaohai Bio-Pharma offers One-Stop CDMO Solution for Diphtheria Toxin
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