Messenger RNA (mRNA)

Timeline of mRNA Development

In 1961, Brenner et al discovered mRNA for the first time as an intermediate hereditary substance in the central dogma (from DNA, to RNA, to protein). In 1990, in vitro transcribed mRNAs were fully expressed by direct injection into mammalian cells, demonstrating successfully for the first time that mRNAs could be expressed in vivo and that mRNA-based vaccines could be developed.

Since then, structural pattern, editing, delivery, and other related technologies for mRNAs have advanced rapidly. And ex vivo mRNAs were first transfected into dendritic cells in 2002 in the clinical trial for stimulation of cytotoxic T-cells against cancer. In 2020, mRNA vaccines against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) were approved, which has further increased the interest and expectation in mRNA. Currently, mRNA-based vaccines and drugs are being actively investigated for the treatment of a variety of diseases, including infectious disease, cancer, and protein/enzyme deficiency.

Technologies Involved in mRNA Synthesis

In Vitro Synthesis of mRNA

5’ Cap Modification

PolyA Modification

Nucleotides Modification

mRNA Delivery System

Application of mRNA

mRNA Vaccines

• mRNA Vaccines Against Virus Pathogens
• mRNA Vaccines Against Bacteria Pathogens
• mRNA Vaccines for Cancer Therapy
• mRNA Vaccine in Feline

mRNA Therapeutics

• mRNA Encoding Antibody
• mRNA Therapeutics as Protein Replacement
• mRNA Therapeutics for Methylmalonic Acidemia
• mRNA Therapeutics for Cystic Fibrosis
• mRNA Therapeutics for OTC Deficiency
• mRNA Therapeutics for Propionic Acidemia
• mRNA Therapeutics for Coronary Artery Disease

Others

• mRNA as Epigenomic Controller
• mRNA for Gene Editing

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