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Overview of Vaccine

Vaccines work by controlled exposure to harmless whole-pathogens (virus or bacteria) or specific antigens, which ensures that the immune system can adequately neutralize the pathogen when the organism is confronted with it.

Conventional vaccinations comprise conjugate and subunit vaccines, as well as live-attenuated, inactivated, and replication-defective pathogens. They may contain live-attenuated organisms; inactivated organisms; inactivated toxins; antigens or antigenic epitopes, like subunit and conjugate vaccines.

Limitations of traditional technologies have triggered the application of novel vaccine approaches, including nucleic acid vaccines, like DNA vaccines and mRNA vaccines, viral vector vaccines, as well as microbial vector vaccines encoding the target antigens or antigenic epitopes.

Yaohai Bio-Pharma offers a range of vaccine services using microbial fermentation systems, as follows:

Technical routeBusinessDeliverables (intermediate/drug substance/drug product)Services
mRNA vaccinesYesDS or DP: mRNA or LNP-mRNAOur partner, NanoStar, licensed their own LNP patents to us.

Vaccines CRDMO services, including intermediates, drug substances (DS) or drug products (DP) 【GMP grade】

• Research samples preparation, such as mRNA, DNA or proteins;

• Microbial cell banking;

• Process development, such as fermentation, purification and formulation;

• Analysis method development;

• GMP manufacture of mRNA, DNA， proteins, live bacteria (BSL-1/BSL-2 Laboratory);

• Quality control of the products;

• Registration.

DNA vaccinesYesDS or DP: Plasmid DNA
Viral vector vaccinesYesIntermediate: Plasmid DNA
Subunit vaccinesYesDS or DP (adjuvant): recombinant antigens-based vaccinese.g., Prophylactic vaccines for HPV, RSV, or therapeutic vaccines for cancer, hypertension.
Protein/peptide-based therapeutic vaccinesYes
Conjugate vaccinesYesDS or DP: Conjugate vaccinese.g., Pneumococcal, meningococcal vaccines.Intermediate: Carrier proteinse.g., VLP, CRM197, tetanus toxin, etc.
Polysaccharide vaccineYesDS or DP (adjuvant): Polysaccharide vaccinee.g., Typhim Vi vaccine, pneumococcal vaccine.
Toxoid vaccinesYesDS or DP: Inactivated toxoide.g., Diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis toxin, etc.
Live, attenuated vaccines (microbial)YesDS or DP: Live, attenuated vaccinese.g., BCG live, cholera vaccine live.
Inactivated vaccines (microbial)YesDS or DP: Inactivated vaccinese.g., human typhoid Salmonella Inactivated vaccine
Microbial-vector vaccinesYesDS or DP: Live microbial products


Yaohai Bio-Pharma Offers One-Stop CDMO Solution for Vaccines


  • Microbial Strain Engineering and Screening
  • Microbial Cell Banking (PCB/MCB/WCB)
  • Upstream Process Development
  • Downstream Process Development
  • Formulation Development
  • GMP Manufacturing
  • Fill and Finish
  • Analytical and Testing
  • Regulatory Affairs


Different types of vaccines are produced using different processes. Click here to find more details of our vaccine solutions.


Reference:


Gebre MS, Brito LA, Tostanoski LH, Edwards DK, Carfi A, Barouch DH. Novel approaches for vaccine development. Cell. 2021 Mar 18;184(6):1589-1603. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.02.030.

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